1. The effect of material for shot blasting machine accessories on wear

拋丸機(jī)配件材料的耐磨性主要取決于它的硬度和韌性。硬度決定其表面抵抗變形的能力，但過(guò)高的硬度易使脆性增加，使配件表面產(chǎn)生磨粒狀剝落;韌性則可防止磨粒的產(chǎn)生，提髙其耐磨性能。

The wear resistance of shot blasting machine accessory materials mainly depends on their hardness and toughness. Hardness determines the ability of its surface to resist deformation, but excessive hardness can easily increase brittleness and cause abrasive peeling on the surface of the accessory; Toughness can prevent the generation of abrasive particles and improve their wear resistance.

經(jīng)過(guò)熱處理或化學(xué)熱處理的配件，可以獲得優(yōu)良的力學(xué)性能，提高機(jī)件的耐磨性。有時(shí)，可用表面火焰淬火或高頻淬火的方法使材料提高耐磨性，或者采用滲碳、滲氮、碳氮共滲的方法，使鋼的表面具有較高的硬度和耐磨性。

Accessories that have undergone heat treatment or chemical heat treatment can achieve excellent mechanical properties and improve the wear resistance of the parts. Sometimes, surface flame quenching or high-frequency quenching can be used to improve the wear resistance of the material, or carburizing, nitriding, and carbonitriding methods can be used to make the surface of the steel have high hardness and wear resistance.

在組合機(jī)件中，如軸承副中的轉(zhuǎn)軸，由于是需要加工的主要機(jī)件，所以，應(yīng)采用耐磨材料(如優(yōu)質(zhì)合金鋼)來(lái)制造;對(duì)較簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)件，如軸承襯或軸瓦，則選用巴氏合金、銅基 合金、鉛基或鋁基合金等較軟質(zhì)材料(又稱減磨合金)來(lái)制造，以達(dá)到減小摩擦和提髙耐磨性的目的。

In combination components, such as the shaft in the bearing pair, as it is the main component that needs to be processed, wear-resistant materials (such as high-quality alloy steel) should be used for manufacturing; For simpler components, such as bearing liners or bushings, softer materials such as babbitt alloy, copper based alloy, lead based or aluminum based alloy (also known as wear reducing alloy) are selected for manufacturing, in order to reduce friction and improve wear resistance.

2.拋丸機(jī)配件工作載荷對(duì)磨損的影響

2. The effect of working load on wear of shot blasting machine accessories

一般情況下，單位壓力越大，機(jī)件磨損越劇烈。除了載荷大小之外，載荷特性對(duì)磨損也有直接影響，如是靜載荷還是變載荷，有無(wú)沖擊載荷，是短期載荷還是長(zhǎng)期載荷等。一般情 況下，機(jī)件不應(yīng)長(zhǎng)期超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和承受沖擊載荷。

In general, the higher the unit pressure, the more severe the wear of the components. In addition to the size of the load, the load characteristics also have a direct impact on wear, such as whether it is static or variable load, whether there is impact load, and whether it is short-term or long-term load. In general, machinery should not be overloaded or subjected to impact loads for a long time.

3. 拋丸機(jī)配件運(yùn)動(dòng)速度對(duì)磨損的影響

3. The influence of the movement speed of shot blasting machine accessories on wear

機(jī)件運(yùn)行時(shí)，速度的高低、方向、變速與勻速、正轉(zhuǎn)與反轉(zhuǎn)、時(shí)開時(shí)停等，都對(duì)磨損有不同程度的影響。通常在干摩擦條件下，速度越高，磨損越快;有潤(rùn)滑油時(shí)，速度越高越易形成液體摩擦而減少磨損;機(jī)器的起動(dòng)頻率越高，機(jī)件的磨損也越快。

When the machine is running, the speed, direction, speed change and constant speed, forward and reverse rotation, and the timing of opening and stopping all have varying degrees of impact on wear and tear. Usually, under dry friction conditions, the higher the speed, the faster the wear; When there is lubricating oil, the higher the speed, the easier it is to form liquid friction and reduce wear; The higher the starting frequency of the machine, the faster the wear of the components.

4.溫度、濕度和環(huán)境對(duì)磨損的影響

4. The impact of temperature, humidity, and environment on wear and tear

溫度主要影響潤(rùn)滑油吸附強(qiáng)度。潤(rùn)滑油膜有相當(dāng)高的機(jī)械穩(wěn)定性，但溫度及化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性較差，當(dāng)在高溫和有化學(xué)變化時(shí)，潤(rùn)滑油便失去吸附性能。

Temperature mainly affects the adsorption strength of lubricating oil. The lubricating oil film has relatively high mechanical stability, but poor temperature and chemical stability. When there are high temperatures and chemical changes, the lubricating oil loses its adsorption performance.

機(jī)件工作的周圍環(huán)境若受到濕氣、水氣、煤氣、灰塵、鐵屑或其他液體、氣體的化學(xué)腐蝕介質(zhì)等影響，都將導(dǎo)致和加速機(jī)件的氧化和腐蝕磨損。

If the surrounding environment of the working parts is affected by chemical corrosive media such as moisture, water vapor, gas, dust, iron filings or other liquids and gases, it will lead to and accelerate the oxidation and corrosion wear of the parts.

5.潤(rùn)滑對(duì)拋丸機(jī)配件磨損的影響

5. The effect of lubrication on the wear of shot blasting machine accessories

潤(rùn)滑對(duì)減少機(jī)件的磨損有著重要的作用。例如，液體潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)能防止粘著磨損;供給摩擦潔凈的潤(rùn)滑油可以防止磨料磨損;正確選擇潤(rùn)滑材料能夠減輕腐蝕磨損和疲勞磨損等。在機(jī)件運(yùn)行良好的潤(rùn)滑摩擦副中保持足夠的潤(rùn)滑劑，可以減少摩擦副金屬與金屬的直接摩擦，降低功率消耗，延長(zhǎng)機(jī)件使用壽命，保證設(shè)備正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。潤(rùn)滑可有效地改善磨損的影 響，對(duì)機(jī)械維護(hù)有很重要的意義。

Lubrication plays an important role in reducing the wear of machine parts. For example, liquid lubrication can prevent adhesive wear; Providing friction clean lubricating oil can prevent abrasive wear; The correct selection of lubricating materials can reduce corrosion wear and fatigue wear. Maintaining sufficient lubricant in a well lubricated friction pair can reduce direct friction between the friction pair metal and metal, reduce power consumption, extend the service life of the machine, and ensure the normal operation of the equipment. Lubrication can effectively improve the impact of wear and is of great significance for mechanical maintenance.

6. 拋丸機(jī)配件表面加工質(zhì)量對(duì)磨損的影響

6. The impact of surface processing quality on wear of shot blasting machine accessories

表面加工質(zhì)量主要指機(jī)械加工質(zhì)量，包括宏觀幾何形狀、表面粗糙度和刀痕方向。

Surface processing quality mainly refers to the quality of mechanical processing, including macroscopic geometric shape, surface roughness, and tool mark direction.

(1) 宏觀幾何形狀對(duì)磨損的影響所謂宏觀幾何形狀是指加工后實(shí)際形狀與理想形狀的偏差，即加工精度，如圓度、圓柱度、平行度和垂直度等，宏觀幾何形狀的偏差使零件表 面載荷分布不均勻，容易造成局部地方嚴(yán)重磨損。

(1) The influence of macroscopic geometric shape on wear refers to the deviation between the actual shape and the ideal shape after processing, namely the machining accuracy, such as roundness, cylindricity, parallelism, and perpendicularity. The deviation of macroscopic geometric shape causes uneven distribution of load on the surface of the part, which can easily cause severe wear in local areas.

(2) 表面粗糙度對(duì)磨損的影響并非表面粗糙度值越小，磨損越小。由試驗(yàn)得知，在每種載荷下都有一個(gè)合理的表面粗糙度使其磨損量小;在相同的載荷下，通常表面粗糙度值越小，磨損越小，但超過(guò)合理點(diǎn)后磨損又會(huì)逐漸上升。這是因?yàn)楸砻孢^(guò)于光潔，使接觸表面增大，分子間吸引力增強(qiáng)，因而產(chǎn)生粘著磨損的可能性也就增大。

(2) The effect of surface roughness on wear is not that the smaller the surface roughness value, the smaller the wear. According to the experiment, there is a reasonable surface roughness that reduces wear under each load; Under the same load, the smaller the surface roughness value, the smaller the wear, but after exceeding a reasonable point, the wear will gradually increase. This is because the surface is too smooth, which increases the contact surface and intermolecular attraction, thus increasing the possibility of adhesive wear.

(3) 刀痕方向?qū)δp的影響刀痕方向?qū)δp影響較大，如果兩摩擦表面的刀痕方向是平行的，且與運(yùn)動(dòng)方向一致，則磨損較小。如果兩摩擦表面的刀痕方向平行，但與運(yùn)動(dòng)方 向垂直，則磨損較大。如果刀痕方向與運(yùn)動(dòng)方向交叉，則磨損在上述兩者之間。

(3) The influence of the direction of the knife mark on wear is significant. If the direction of the knife marks on two friction surfaces is parallel and consistent with the direction of motion, the wear is relatively small. If the direction of the knife marks on two friction surfaces is parallel but perpendicular to the direction of motion, then wear is greater. If the direction of the knife mark intersects with the direction of movement, the wear is between the two mentioned above.

7. 裝配和安裝質(zhì)置對(duì)拋丸機(jī)配件磨損的影響

7. The impact of assembly and installation quality on the wear of shot blasting machine accessories

機(jī)件的裝配質(zhì)量對(duì)磨損影響很大，特別是配合間隙不應(yīng)過(guò)大或過(guò)小。當(dāng)間隙過(guò)小時(shí)，不易形成液體摩擦，容易產(chǎn)生高的摩擦熱，而且不利于散熱，故易產(chǎn)生粘著磨損和摩擦副咬死 現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)間隙過(guò)大時(shí)，同樣不易形成液體摩擦，而且會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖擊載荷，加劇磨損。裝配好的部件或機(jī)器也應(yīng)正確地安裝。如果安裝不正確，將會(huì)引起載荷分布不均勻或產(chǎn)生附加載荷， 使機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不靈活，產(chǎn)生噪聲和發(fā)熱，造成機(jī)件過(guò)早地磨損。

The assembly quality of the components has a significant impact on wear, especially the fit clearance should not be too large or too small. When the gap is too small, it is not easy to form liquid friction, easy to generate high frictional heat, and is not conducive to heat dissipation, so it is easy to produce adhesive wear and friction pair bite phenomenon. When the gap is too large, it is also difficult to form liquid friction, and it will generate impact loads, exacerbating wear. The assembled components or machines should also be installed correctly. If installed incorrectly, it will cause uneven load distribution or generate additional loads, making the machine operation inflexible, generating noise and heat, and causing premature wear of the components.

8. 拋丸機(jī)配件結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及運(yùn)動(dòng)性質(zhì)對(duì)磨損的影響

8. The influence of structural characteristics and motion properties of shot blasting machine accessories on wear

機(jī)件結(jié)構(gòu)及運(yùn)動(dòng)性質(zhì)不同，則磨損的情況也不一樣。如滾動(dòng)摩擦的磨損遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于滑動(dòng)摩擦的磨損，通常滾動(dòng)摩擦磨損量為滑動(dòng)摩擦磨損量的一半或更小。

The wear and tear situation varies depending on the structure and motion properties of the components. For example, the wear of rolling friction is far less than that of Sliding friction. Generally, the wear of rolling friction is half or less than that of Sliding friction.

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