當(dāng)車間粉塵濃度超標(biāo)時，你是不是面臨技術(shù)骨干因呼吸道問題流失率高于行業(yè)均值，那又怎么解決呢？

When the dust concentration in the workshop exceeds the standard, do you face a higher than industry average loss rate of technical backbone due to respiratory problems? So how can you solve it?

一、控制粉塵源頭

1、 Control the source of dust

改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)工藝：采用先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)工藝和設(shè)備，盡量減少粉塵的產(chǎn)生。如在物料破碎、篩分等環(huán)節(jié)，選擇低粉塵產(chǎn)生的設(shè)備，或者對現(xiàn)有設(shè)備進(jìn)行密封改造，減少粉塵外泄。

Improve production process: Adopt advanced production technology and equipment to minimize the generation of dust as much as possible. In the process of material crushing, screening, etc., choose equipment that produces low dust, or modify the sealing of existing equipment to reduce dust leakage.

濕式作業(yè)：對于一些可以采用濕式作業(yè)的工序，如礦石的破碎、研磨等，通過加水噴霧等方式，使粉塵濕潤后沉降，減少粉塵在空氣中的飛揚(yáng)。

Wet operation: for some processes that can adopt wet operation, such as ore crushing and grinding, the dust will settle after wetting by adding water and spray, so as to reduce the flying of dust in the air.

二、采用粉塵治理設(shè)備

2、 Adopting dust control equipment

布袋除塵器

bag-type dust collector

工作原理：含塵氣體由進(jìn)風(fēng)口進(jìn)入除塵器，經(jīng)過灰斗時，部分大顆粒粉塵由于慣性作用直接落入灰斗，細(xì)微粉塵則隨氣流進(jìn)入中箱體的濾袋過濾區(qū)，粉塵被阻留在濾袋外表面，凈化后的氣體經(jīng)濾袋口進(jìn)入上箱體，再由出風(fēng)口排出。隨著過濾的進(jìn)行，濾袋外表面的粉塵不斷增加，當(dāng)達(dá)到一定阻力值時，清灰系統(tǒng)會自動開啟，通過壓縮空氣對濾袋進(jìn)行脈沖噴吹清灰，使粉塵落入灰斗，經(jīng)卸灰閥排出。

Working principle: The dusty gas enters the dust collector through the air inlet. When passing through the ash hopper, some large particles of dust directly fall into the ash hopper due to inertia, while fine dust enters the filter bag filtration area of the middle box with the airflow. The dust is trapped on the outer surface of the filter bag, and the purified gas enters the upper box through the filter bag opening and is then discharged through the air outlet. As the filtration process progresses, the dust on the outer surface of the filter bag continues to increase. When a certain resistance value is reached, the dust cleaning system will automatically start, and the filter bag will be pulse blown with compressed air to clean the dust, causing the dust to fall into the ash hopper and be discharged through the ash discharge valve.

優(yōu)點(diǎn)：除塵效率高，對細(xì)微粉塵的捕集效果好，可達(dá)到 99% 以上；能處理不同性質(zhì)的粉塵，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)；結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，操作維護(hù)方便；運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，可靠性高。

Advantages: High dust removal efficiency, good capture effect on fine dust, reaching over 99%; Capable of handling dust of different properties, with strong adaptability; Simple structure, easy operation and maintenance; Stable operation and high reliability.

缺點(diǎn)：濾袋需要定期更換，增加了運(yùn)行成本；對于濕度較大或粘性較強(qiáng)的粉塵，容易出現(xiàn)糊袋現(xiàn)象，影響除塵效果。

Disadvantages: The filter bag needs to be replaced regularly, which increases operating costs; For dust with high humidity or strong viscosity, it is easy to cause bag sticking, which affects the dust removal effect.

適用場景：廣泛應(yīng)用于化工、冶金、建材、機(jī)械加工等行業(yè)的車間除塵，尤其適用于對粉塵排放濃度要求較高的場合。

Applicable scenarios: Widely used in workshop dust removal in industries such as chemical, metallurgical, building materials, and mechanical processing, especially suitable for occasions with high requirements for dust emission concentration.

旋風(fēng)除塵器

Cyclone dust collector

工作原理：含塵氣體從除塵器的進(jìn)風(fēng)口以切線方向進(jìn)入旋風(fēng)除塵器的外殼和排氣管之間，形成旋轉(zhuǎn)向下的外旋流。在離心力的作用下，粉塵被甩向器壁，并隨外旋流下降至排灰口排出。凈化后的氣體則形成向上的內(nèi)旋流，經(jīng)排氣管排出。

Working principle: Dust containing gas enters the outer shell and exhaust pipe of the cyclone dust collector in a tangential direction from the inlet of the dust collector, forming a rotating downward outer vortex. Under the action of centrifugal force, dust is thrown towards the wall of the device and descends with the external vortex to the ash discharge outlet for discharge. The purified gas forms an upward internal vortex and is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

優(yōu)點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，造價低廉；運(yùn)行阻力小，能耗低；維護(hù)方便，無運(yùn)動部件；對大顆粒粉塵的去除效果好，適用于處理高濃度含塵氣體。

Advantages: Simple structure and low cost; Low operating resistance and energy consumption; Easy maintenance, no moving parts; Good removal effect on large particle dust, suitable for handling high concentration dusty gases.

缺點(diǎn)：對細(xì)微粉塵的除塵效率較低；當(dāng)進(jìn)口氣流速度過高時，會導(dǎo)致除塵器內(nèi)部磨損加劇。

Disadvantages: Low dust removal efficiency for fine dust; When the inlet airflow velocity is too high, it will cause increased wear inside the dust collector.

適用場景：常用于礦山、建材、糧食加工等行業(yè)的車間，作為初級除塵設(shè)備，可先去除大顆粒粉塵，再與其他高效除塵設(shè)備配合使用，以降低后續(xù)設(shè)備的負(fù)荷。

Applicable scenarios: Commonly used in workshops in industries such as mining, building materials, and grain processing. As a primary dust removal equipment, it can first remove large particle dust and then be used in conjunction with other efficient dust removal equipment to reduce the load on subsequent equipment.

靜電除塵器

precipitator

工作原理：利用高壓電場使含塵氣體中的粉塵顆粒荷電，在電場力的作用下，荷電粉塵向集塵極運(yùn)動并沉積在集塵極表面，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)粉塵與氣體的分離。當(dāng)集塵極表面的粉塵達(dá)到一定厚度時，通過振打裝置使粉塵落入灰斗排出。

Working principle: Using a high-voltage electric field to charge dust particles in dusty gas, under the action of electric field force, the charged dust moves towards the dust collection electrode and deposits on the surface of the dust collection electrode, thereby achieving the separation of dust and gas. When the dust on the surface of the dust collector reaches a certain thickness, it is discharged into the ash hopper through a vibration device.

優(yōu)點(diǎn)：除塵效率高，能處理高濃度、細(xì)顆粒的粉塵；運(yùn)行阻力小，能耗低；處理煙氣量大，適用于大型工業(yè)車間的除塵。

Advantages: High dust removal efficiency, able to handle high concentration and fine particle dust; Low operating resistance and energy consumption; Processing a large amount of flue gas, suitable for dust removal in large industrial workshops.

缺點(diǎn)：設(shè)備投資大，占地面積大；對粉塵的比電阻有一定要求，當(dāng)粉塵比電阻過高或過低時，會影響除塵效果；維護(hù)技術(shù)要求高。

Disadvantages: Large equipment investment and large footprint; There are certain requirements for the specific resistance of dust, and when the specific resistance of dust is too high or too low, it will affect the dust removal effect; High maintenance technical requirements.

適用場景：常用于電力、冶金、化工等行業(yè)的大型車間，如火力發(fā)電廠的鍋爐煙氣除塵、鋼鐵廠的燒結(jié)機(jī)煙氣除塵等。

Applicable scenarios: Commonly used in large workshops in industries such as power, metallurgy, and chemical engineering, such as boiler flue gas dust removal in thermal power plants and sintering machine flue gas dust removal in steel plants.

濕式除塵器

Scrubber

工作原理：通過讓含塵氣體與液體（通常是水）充分接觸，利用液滴或液膜捕集粉塵顆粒，使粉塵隨液體排出，從而達(dá)到除塵的目的。常見的濕式除塵器有噴淋塔、旋風(fēng)水膜除塵器、文丘里除塵器等。

Working principle: By fully contacting the dusty gas with a liquid (usually water), dust particles are captured using droplets or liquid films, and the dust is discharged with the liquid, thus achieving the purpose of dust removal. Common wet dust collectors include spray towers, cyclone water film dust collectors, and Venturi dust collectors.

優(yōu)點(diǎn)：能有效去除粉塵、有害氣體和異味；對各種粒徑的粉塵都有較好的捕集效果，尤其是對細(xì)微粉塵和高溫?zé)煔獾奶幚硇Ч?；設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，投資成本低。

Advantages: It can effectively remove dust, harmful gases, and odors; It has a good capture effect on dust of various particle sizes, especially for fine dust and high-temperature flue gas treatment; The equipment structure is simple and the investment cost is low.

缺點(diǎn)：會產(chǎn)生一定量的廢水，需要進(jìn)行污水處理；冬季需要考慮防凍措施；對于疏水性粉塵，需要添加表面活性劑來提高除塵效率。

Disadvantages: It will generate a certain amount of wastewater and requires sewage treatment; Antifreezing measures need to be considered in winter; For hydrophobic dust, surfactants need to be added to improve dust removal efficiency.

適用場景：適用于化工、制藥、鑄造等行業(yè)的車間，特別是在處理含有毒有害氣體和易燃易爆粉塵的場合，濕式除塵器具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢。

Applicable scenarios: Suitable for workshops in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and casting, especially in situations where toxic and harmful gases and flammable and explosive dust are handled, wet dust collectors have unique advantages.

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